Converging and diverging lenses pdf

An object outside the lens focal point forms a real and inverted image on the side of the lens opposite the object. If the focal length is in metres, this gives the optical power in dioptres inverse metres. If a camera uses a converging lens, wouldnt it mean that. Thin lens shapes ray diagrams are convenient for locating the images formed by thin lenses or systems of lenses. The diverging lens is thicker at its edge than at its center.

Converging lenses form real inverted images if x o f and virtual upright images if x o and the center curvature are on the opposite sides of the lens. When the object is outside the converging lens focal point, f, the resulting image is real, inverted and on the side of the lens opposite the object. To the right, 30 cm away, is a converging lens of focal length 10cm. The distances from the lens to f and f are the same focal length f of the lens. Do not move the positions of the object and converging for all other steps. The activities that we propose here are useful in helping us to understand how lenses work, and they show that the same lens can have different magnification capabilities. Determine the image distance, the magnification of the image, the image height, and properties of the image known. Brief slide show on your topic due wed nov 16 35 slides use images to enhance your slides as appropriate max 5 minutes. Two prisms can bend light toward the principal axis acting like a crude converging lens but cannot create a sharp focus. Download pdf for free converging and diverging lens diagram converging lens is convex lens whereas diverging lens is a concave lens. A lens forms an image by bending rays of light that pass through it. A point source of rays placed exactly one focal length away from a. Difference between converging and diverging lens compare.

Several varieties of two basic forms of lenses exist. For a converging lens, the following three rays are drawn. Start studying chapter 30 converging and diverging lens lenses. Comparing converging and diverging sequences dummies. Diverging lenses are always concave in shape, which means the edges are thicker than the centre. The reciprocal of the focal length, 1f, is the optical power of the lens. Lenses ray diagram construction worksheet teaching. So, for a camera lens, the objects are farther and are beyond focus. Converging and diverging lenses 1 2275 speedway, mail code c9000 austin, tx 78712 512 4715847 i. Lenses lenses are made of transparentmaterials, like glass or plastic. These can be used in applications when all intensity of light is to be focussed at a point.

Note that a converging lens has a thicker waist, whereas a diverging lens has a thinner waist. Needless to mention, the image formation procedure is completely distinct for the two. You can perform the following experiment to know that convex lens converges the light rays and concave lens diverges the light rays. As shown above, real images are produced when the object is located a distance greater than one focal length from the lens. The only difference is the reason why the light bends. Earlier in lesson 5, we learned how light is refracted by double concave lens in a manner that a virtual image is formed. A convex lens is called a converging lens whereas a concave lens is called a diverging lens. Converging lenses are thicker in the middle than near the edges, and diverging lenses are thicker near the edges than in the middle.

Convex converging and concave diverging lenses are drawn as. A a converging lens always produces an inverted image of an object placed in front of it. Pdf on nov 25, 2014, deborah sand and others published lenses find. A double convex lens, or converging lens, focuses the diverging, or blurred, light rays from a distant object by refracting bending the rays twice. All lenses are broken into two broad groups, depending on whether they focus light at a point converging lens, or spread it out diverging lens. Converging and diverging behaviour definition if refracted rays converge to a single point after refraction, then this is called as converging behaviour of the lens.

Converging and diverging lens are shown in the figure. If the source is more than two focal lengths away from the lens, we see that the image is inverted, diminished, and real. This is shown with the geometrical ray diagram of figure 4. Convex mirrors and diverging parallel rays will be called diverging mirrors.

Determine the image distance, the magnification of the image, the image height, and properties of the image. Multiple two lens system with diverging and converging lens. Converging lenses are divided into three cases, which depend on the source location. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Also, virtual images cannot be obtained on a screen. These components are placed on a meter stick for easy position measurements. It provides the thin lens equation needed to solve the problem as well as. Draw scale diagrams to deduce the focal length needed for particular values of magnification. Converging lenses are always convex in shape, which means the centre is thicker than the edges. Notice from figure 1c that mass flux reaches a maximum value at this point. Both converging lenses and diverging lenses are very important in the understanding of optics and other related fields.

Geometric optics converging lenses and mirrors physics lab iv objective in this set of lab exercises, the basic properties geometric optics concerning converging lenses and mirrors will be explored. Convex converging and concave diverging lenses are drawn as, v w to understand image formation we use ray diagrams. For lenses, the following three rays are typically used in ray diagrams. An lens is a piece of glass or plastic that refracts light. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. The converging lens is thicker at its center than at its edge. Although, may also be useful for other boardsalevel. Aug 26, 2009 when light is coming to a diverging lens, regardless of the pattern the light from the light source makes diverging from a point, converging from a point or coming in parallel rays, the diverging lens will always make it more divergent, right.

It is converging to the point o, and, if the concave lens had not got in the way, it would have formed a real image at o. Now, mount the diverging lens on the optical bench between the converging lens and the screen as shown in fig. Jun 28, 2012 converging lens and diverging lens are one way of classifying lenses based on the behavior of the light affected by the lenses. Converging and diverging mirrors concave mirrors and converging parallel rays will be called converging mirrors. You can see this if you apply the law of refraction to the surface where the light beam enters the glass and to the.

Determination of focal length of a converging lens and mirror. A convex or converging lens is shaped so that all light rays that enter it parallel to its optical axis intersect or focus at a single point on the optical axis on the opposite side of the. C a diverging lens always produces an upright image of an object placed in front of it. Since the light refracts through the lens, and doesnt bounce off, like a mirror, when drawing ray diagrams, there is one. Converging lens and diverging lens are one way of classifying lenses based on the behavior of the light affected by the lenses. A lens placed in the path of a beam of parallel rays can be called a diverging lens when it causes the rays to diverge after refraction. Converging lenses affect parallel, diverging, and converging rays differently all three of the above ray patterns are utilized by the light microscope. A lens forms an image by bending parallel rays of light that pass through it. B a diverging lens always produces an image that is larger than the object. If the lower half of the lens is covered by a piece of paper, the a.

We also learned about three simple rules of refraction for double concave lenses. Each of a lens two faces is part of asphere and can be convex or concave if a lens is thicker at the center than theedges, it is a convex, or converging, lenssince parallel rays will be converged tomeet at the focus. Images tracing points draw an arrow to represent the location of an object, then draw any two of the rays from the tip of the arrow. A diverging lens will have a negative focal point where the rays. Planoconcave a lens in which one side is concave and the other is plano. Which lens magnified the object and which made it look smaller. Draw ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of real and virtual images of an object by a lens 4. Describe the shapes of three typical converging positive thin lenses and three typical diverging negative.

A thin lens has two focal points, located on the optical axis, a distance f from the center of the lens on either side of the lens. Diverging lenses always form virtual imagesat any position of object. Diverging lens problems and solutions solved problems in. Other than the basic structural variations between concave mirrors and diverging lenses, the main difference lies in the fact that the former works by the principle of reflection while the latter utilizes that of refraction. For a converging lens, parallel light rays will converge to a point.

Instructor may wish to either use the same lens specifications focal length for each lens that the groups use or varying specifications. Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a diverging lens will refract through the lens and travel in line with the focal point i. It will give a virtual upright image if the object is within the focal length. Describe the action of a thin converging lens on a beam of light. The first principal ray, ray 1, comes off the object parallel to the optical axis, and gets bent so that the ray appears to be coming from the focal point, as shown below.

Mar 24, 2007 a diverging lens f 10 cm is located 20. At the front side of the lens, the rays are bent toward the normal the perpendicular to the surface because the glass is a denser medium than the air, and, at the back side of the lens, the rays. A 2cm tall object is located 15cm from the 40cm focal length lens as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements are true for images formed by thin lenses. Although may also be useful for other boardsalevel answer sheet available.

Demonstration of the optics of thin convex and concave. Mohammad kamyab javanmardi for ut environmental science institute date created. The lateral magnification of the mirror or lens is the ratio. A lens with one of its sides converging and the other diverging is known as a meniscus lens. A convex lens gives a real, inverted image if the object is outside the focal length of the lens.

For a diverging lens, the image is always virtual, diminished, and upright, as illustrated in the following diagram. Converging lens is convex lens whereas diverging lens is a concave lens. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. Jun 10, 2016 in our class, we study two different types of lenses. The focal length, f, is the distance between f and the lens. Positive meniscus a converging lens where one side is concave and the other convex. Every infinite sequence is either convergent or divergent. Two lens system example two converging lenses with focal lengths of 40cm and 20cm are placed 10cm apart. Diverging lenses the image is always virtual and is located between the object and the lens. Lenses are usually made either of glass or clear plastic and are ground and polished to have spherical surfaces. If the thickness of the lens is much less than the distance from the lens to each focal point.

Convex lenses are converging lenses, and concave lenses are diverging lenses. A converging lens is used to form a sharp image of a candle. Lenses converging lens diverging lens structure thicker in the middle thinner in the middle use converge. The goal of the experiment is to be able to analyze ray diagrams so as to determine fundamental properties of image formation. For each case, draw the 3 principal rays to locate the image.

Converging lens converge and focus the light ray to meet at a single point whereas diverging lens, diverge the light falling on its surface and not meet at a single point. Using the lenses in front of you, look at different objects in the laboratory and record your observation. Shapes of lenses the shape of a lens can be understood by con sidering a lens to be a large number of portions of prisms, as shown. In the problems you encounter, the object will either be within the focal length of the lens or outside of the focal.

Find the location, nature, and magnification magnification of images formed by converging and diverging lenses. Negative meniscus a diverging lens where one side is concave and the other convex. Our procedure for diverging lenses is similar to the one presented above for converging lenses. A sequence is converging if its terms approach a specific value as we progress through them to infinity. Move the screen about 15 cm farther from the object than before, and then shift the diverging lens to produce a sharp image on the screen. A converging lens is a lens that converge a beam of light to a point whereas diverging lenses make. It doesnt reflect, like in the mirrors, it refracts through the lens. Converging lenses as long as the object is outside of the focal point the image is real and inverted. Focal point the focal point of a lens is generally noted by the capital letter f. Basic knowledge of converging and diverging lenses. Advanced knowledge of converging and diverging lenses.

Apply the lensmakers equation s equation to find parameters related to lens construction. Converging and diverging lenses flashcards quizlet. It is thinner at its center than its edges and always produces a virtual image. Demonstration of converging and diverging action of lenses example use a card board ready made shirt box like the one used to study the laws of reflection using a comb and torch. The minus sign indicates that the focal point is virtual or the rays do not pass through the point. A convergent sequence has a limit that is, it approaches a real number. The focal length f is positive for converging lenses, and negative for diverging lenses.

This is the point in space where the light rays will converge to after passing through a converging lens. When the object is inside the focal point the image becomes virtual and upright. Feedback greatly received particularly constructive ways to improve. While diverging lenses always produce virtual images, converging lenses are capable of producing both real and virtual images. We will finish our study of simple lenses by an examination of. A 5cm high object is placed 15 cm from a 30cm focal length diverging lens. A worksheet to construct ray diagrams to show where images are formed by a converging convex lens and a diverging concave lens.

Thin lens equation focal length of a converging lens. In order to verify the theoretical relation given in eq. Converging and diverging lenses 2 2275 speedway, mail code c9000 austin, tx 78712 512 4715847 i. But, converging lenses do so only for objects closer than its focus. Apr 28, 2008 a a converging lens with a focal length of 15cm has an object 5cm tall placed 40cm to the left of it. Diverging lens problems and solutions solved problems.